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Illustration of the ion trap used by the ISOLDE team to measure the electron affinity of chlorine. In the trap, chlorine anions are reflected back and forth between two electrostatic ion mirrors, allowing the laser beam (pink) to probe the anions for much longer than in conventional measurements. The laser frequency is tuned to find the exact photon energy above which the extra electron (small white circle) is removed from the anion. Close-up view of an array of cubic, pale crystals held in a copper framework. The structure is composed of multiple repeating units arranged in a symmetrical, grid-like pattern, with small white spacers at the intersections. A white male in a black top and beige pants lowers equipment into a hole in the snow and ice. A white woman with brown hair and a blue and black shirt and a white man with brown hair and a black shirt in front of a grey background. Gold ion collision snapshot in the STAR detector Pipes and cables on the exterior of the large blue STAR detector. A group of five people (two women and three men) stand next to a large, spherical scientific machine. Two people surrounded by a large aluminum sphere with dozens of cables. Two people in safety glasses hold glass beakers containing ball-and-stick models of nobelium molecules. They are surrounded by lab equipment that includes wires, foil-wrapped cables, metal apparatuses, and a computer screen showing data. Images of molecules are projected on the ceiling panels. Artist’s rendering of QGP formation in a nuclear collision at RHIC, in which a high-energy photon (purple line) and jet of correlated particles (cone) propagate back-to-back in the QGP. Jet scattering in the QGP broadens the distribution of their azimuthal opening angle.